General characteristics of bacteria pdf

Protozoa are notable for their ability to move independently, a characteristic found in the majority of species. The largest known virus, called mimivirus, is so large that scientists first mistook it for a bacterium. In addition, algae may occur in moist soil or on the surface of moist rocks and wood. Survival of mycoplasma bacteria against certain antibiotics is robust, as many antibiotics target the bacterial cell wall to help kill off an infection. The diversity of bacteria has led this group to be divided into two domains of life, the eubacteria and archaea. In their metabolism of energycontaining compounds, aerobes require molecular oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor and cannot grow in its absence see chapter 4. Microorganisms may be composed of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells, and they may be singlecelled or multicellular.

Cyanobacteria is a large and diverse phylum in the kingdom bacteria. Examples of microorganisms include algae, fungi, protozoa, bacteria and. Bacterial classification, structure and function columbia university. Understanding the general characteristics of anaerobiosis provides insight into how anaerobic bacteria can proliferate in damaged tissue and why special care is needed in processing clinical specimens that may contain them. Phaeophyceae brown algae general characteristics of phaeophyceae. The most important microorganisms relevant to biotechnology include bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The branch which is deals with bacteria is known as bacteriology. A summary of general characteristics of viruses in s viruses. They have a thin lipopolysaccharide exterior cell wall. Algaegeneral characteristics and classification online. Unicellular algae occur most frequently in water, especially in plankton. Today, well over 460 genera and 1600 species of the phylum have been identified. General classification and characterization of microorganisms. Read this article to learn about the characteristics, importance and control of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses.

Primary septa are formed in direct association with nuclear division mitotic or meiotic and are laid down between daughter nuclei separating the nuclei cells. According to the mayo clinic, mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the species of bacteria responsible for a mild form of the lung infection pneumonia 2. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The major characteristics of bacteria are based on their size, shape and arrangements 1. Furtado flores3 1virginiamaryland regional college of veterinary medicine, virginia tech, blacksburg, virginia, usa. General characteristics of viruses biology libretexts. The mycoplasma genus of bacteria consists of a number of different species.

Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. General characteristics of the cyanobacteria castenholz. Rhizobium species, nitrogen fixation, biofertilizer and culture. To name the general structures, and polymers that make up bacterial cell walls. Algae live with fungi in lichens according to the whittaker scheme, algae are classified in seven divisions, of which five are. Unlike many organisms, bacteria have no natural death. Bacteria in the genus staphylococcus are pathogens of man and other mammals. Unlike many organisms,bacteria have no natural death.

Cell walls in bacteria help to give the cell structure. General classification and characterization of microorganism. The peptidoglycan layer is thick effect of dye do not retain the crystal violet dye, and react only with a counterstain, generally stain pink. General characteristics of bacteria flashcards quizlet.

General characteristics, food preservation and health benefi ts. Viruses are infectious agents with both living and nonliving characteristics. What are the characteristics common to all bacteria. In fact, the term microorganism literally means microscopic organism. State 2 living and 2 nonliving characteristics of viruses.

The term bacillus has been applied in a general sense to all cylindrical or rodlike bacteria. Viruses basic structure and general characteristics diseases medical biotechnology bacteria basic structure and general characteristics ecological role economic use diseases medical biotechnology. Obligate bacteria, on the other hand, can only survive under specific conditions. General characteristics, pathogenicity, virulence factor and its immune response archana s. Unlike other strains of bacilli, however, salmonella does not produce spores. Characteristic gramnegative bacteria grampositive bacteria wall structure they have a thin lipopolysaccharide exterior cell wall. It can be found in soil, air, water, and living bodies. The external and internal characteristics of bacteria are a bit different from the rest of the organisms on the earth they are prokaryotic in nature meaning they are the earliest forms of the cell without a nucleus these characters make them immortal, omnipresent and also very versatile. Apr 18, 2016 bacteria are the most abundant group of microorganisms in nature. Traditionally they were divided into two groups on the basis of their ability to clot blood plasma the coagulase reaction. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. According to bergeys manual of determinative bacteriology, the bacteria are identified on the basis of morphological characteristics staining, biochemical tests, serology, gc content, dna probesand. The coagulasenegative staphylococci cns are now known to comprise over 30 other species.

The phylum cyanobacteria includes many different species, but all these species have one thing in common that makes them. Features that distinguish a bacterial cell from a eukaryotic cell include the circular dna of the nucleoid, the lack of membranebound organelles. Bacteria treated with these antibiotics become osmotically sensitive and lyse in hypotonic solutions, including human body fluids. In macconkey agar medium, the colonies of klebsiella pneumoniae are pink colored due to the lactose fermentation which is of great importance in differentiating k. During that period many of the bacteria that cause human disease were identified and characterized.

As such, it presents a significant advantage to the plants it infects by contributing to their growth and development. Phenotype is the collection of visible characteristics and the behavior of a microorganism. It is found everywhere on the planet, such as hot spring, deep ocean, deserts and even thrive inside our intestine. Pheophyceae are called commonly known as brown algae. General characteristics, structure and taxonomy of viruses. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of viruses and what it means.

Bacteria are the most abundant group of microorganisms in nature. Bacteria are the earliest microorganisms on the earth. Bacteria definition, shapes, characteristics, types. They possesses brown colored photosynthetic pigments fucoxanthin and. The major characteristics of bacteria are based on their size, shape and. Along with bradyrhizobium, sinorhizobium, mesorhizobium, azorhizobium, and allorhizobium, rhizobium is a soil rhizobia, which means that it consists of bacteria with the ability to fix nitrogen. They lack organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, and they do not have the true nucleus found in eukaryotic cells. Discuss the distinguishing characteristics of gram positive and gram negative.

When they come into contact with another organism they harm it. Higher fungi like ascomycotina and basidiomycotina. General characteristics and classification of arthropoda arthropoda arthon jointed. It was first discovered in amoeba, in 1992, and was identified as a virus in 2003. Start studying general characteristics of bacteria. This means that it can survive with or without oxygen. Most archaea have a paracrystalline surface layer called an s layer, composed of protein or glycoprotein, that performs the. People infected with the mycoplasma bacteria may also experience sore throat or bronchitis. General characteristics of protozoa although they are often studied in zoology courses, they are considered part of the microbial world because they are unicellular and microscopic. General types of septa types of septa based on their formation. General characteristics, structure and taxonomy of viruses 6. Morphology and classification of bacteria microbiology module microbiology notes 1. General characteristics and classification of arthropoda.

Outside, and closely covering this, lies the rigid, supporting cell wall. Bacteria characteristics read biology ck12 foundation. Gram staining is used for general identification of bacteria or to detect the. Dec 01, 2015 general characteristics and classification of arthropoda arthropoda arthon jointed. Bacteria are very difficult to study microscopically unless stained. Despite this diversity, bacteria share a number of characteristics, most notably having prokaryotic cells. International journal on soft computing, artificial intelligence and applications ijscai, vol. Algae are eukaryotic organisms that have no roots, stems, or leaves but do have chlorophyll and other pigments for carrying out photosynthesis. Viruses are ultramicroscopic, noncellular living particles, composed solely of a nucleic acid dna or rna core, surrounded by a protein envelope called capsid. Apart from sharing the basic cellular features of other bacteria, the cyanobacteria possess unique and diagnostic characteristics that will be briefly described here, but less extensively than in the 1989 edition of bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology. College of veterinary and animal sciences mannuthy bacteria.

It is found everywhere on the planet, such as hot spring, deep. H7 general characteristics, isolation and identification techniques article pdf available in annals of microbiology 534. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Cover different classification schemes for grouping bacteria, especially the use of the gram stain 2.

Staphylococcus medical microbiology ncbi bookshelf. Bacteria lack the high degree of internal compartmentalization characteristic of. The virus appears hexagonal under an electron microscope. Chapter 1 introduction to bacteriology bacteria are the most abundant group of microorganisms in nature. Characteristics of mycoplasma bacteria healthfully. Bacillus, genus bacillus, any of a group of rodshaped, grampositive, aerobic or under some conditions anaerobic bacteria widely found in soil and water. Bacterial classification, structure and function introduction the purpose of this lecture is to introduce you to terminology used in microbiology. It is a phylum of triploblastic, haemocoelomic, segmented invertebrates having head, thorax and abdomen, a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed legs and appendages. Archaebacteria definition, types, characteristics and examples. Bacteria are singlecelled microorganisms with prokaryotic cells, which are single. They have the tendency to produce a molecule that is called superoxide. Nov 28, 2018 the most striking characteristic of the bacteria in the genus mycoplasma is the lack of a cell wall. Bergeys manual provides classification scheme for bacteria as well as a reference for identification of different bacteria in the laboratory.

Microorganisms are the smallest organisms on earth. While this bacteria is found all over the world, ticks in the united states can transmit a bacterial strand that causes the onset of rocky. Proteobacteria function, diseases, characteristicsstructure. In this article we will discuss about escherichia coli e.

Science photo library cdcbrand x picturesgetty images bacteria are typically singlecelled organisms called prokaryotes that may serve as digestive aids, cause disease or aid in decomposition. Pdf morphology and classification of bacteria find, read and cite all the research you need. General characteristics and classification of phylum. They are almost marine, very few are fresh water eg.

The coagulasepositive staphylococci constitute the most pathogenic species s aureus. In this session we will focus on summarising what you need to know about. Archaebacteria have cell membranes made of etherlinked phospholipids, while bacteria and eukaryotes both make their cell membranes out of esterlinked phospholipids. Bacterial cell morphology, staining reactions, classification of bacteria the protoplast is bounded peripherally has a very thin, elastic and semipermeable cytoplasmic membrane a conventional phospholipid bilayer. Although the domains bacteria, archaea, and eukarya were founded on genetic criteria, biochemical properties also indicate that the archaea form an independent group within the prokaryotes and that they share traits with both the bacteria and the eukaryotes.

Fungi general characteristics mycology myco, myce eukaryotic, aerobic heterotrophic complex nutritional requirements nutritional sources saprophytic decomposers opportunistic parasites host is usually compromised. Some bacteria can cause diseases for human, animals and plants. Most archaea have a paracrystalline surface layer called an s layer, composed of protein or glycoprotein, that performs the same general functions as a bacterial cell wall. The staining characteristics of bacteria in the gram stain are. The protozoans are minute, generally microscopic and eukaryotic organisms. Instead, their dna, a double strand that is continuous and circular, is located in a nucleoid. The key to understanding the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria is to consider the morphologies of the bacteria in question. Science photo library cdcbrand x picturesgetty images.

Archaebacteria definition, types, characteristics and. The broad classification of bacteria as anaerobic, aerobic, or facultative is based on the types of reactions they employ to generate energy for growth and other activities. Archaebacteria have a number of characteristics not seen in more modern cell types. As such, it consists of several types of bacterial that include phototrophs, chemolithotrophs and heterotrophs.

Read this article to learn about the definition, characteristics, and other details of viruses. Also referred to as purple bacteria and relatives, proteobacteria makes up one of the largest phyla and most versatile phyla in the bacteria domain. Often regarded as the simplest life forms, bacteria make up a diverse group of organisms. Bacteria are typically singlecelled organisms called prokaryotes that may serve as digestive aids, cause disease or aid in decomposition. They are the simplest and primitive of all the animals with very simple body organization, i. Genotype is the genetic make up of a microorganism. Discuss why bacteria can be cultivated on synthetic media such as nutrient broth whereas viruses cannot. Some bacteria can be beneficial to other organisms or have at least benign interactions with them. They can infect animals, plants, and even other microorganisms. While this bacteria is found all over the world, ticks in the united states can transmit a bacterial strand that causes.